Class 5th to 12th Eng Basic Grammar Finite and Non-Finite, Preposition, Determiners

Finite and non- finite verbs


VERB-क्रिया

A word or group of words that is used to indicate that something happens or exists.or

An action verb describs what someone or something is doing.


, for example bring, happen, go,read, be, do

क्रिया (ऐसा शब्‍द या वाक्‍यांश जो किसी घटना के घटने या किसी वस्‍तु के अस्तित्व में होने का अर्थ दे, जैसे ‘bring’, ‘happen’, ‘be’, go,read,‘do’ आदि क्रिया हैl


Verbs can be divided into two groups finite verbs and non-finite verbs


FINITE VERBS-

 A verb which changes its form depending on the number and person of the subject and the tense of the verb is called a finite verb.


 जिन verbs में subject के Number Personएवं  tense के अनुसार परिवर्तन होता है finite verbs कहलाती है।

Example 

1-She watches TV in the evening

2-I watched cartoon last evening

3-You are watching TV


2-NON -FINITE VERBS-


A verb which does not change its form depending on the number and person of the subject and the tense of the verb is called non finite verb


.जिन verbs में subject के Number, PersonPerson एवं  tense के अनुसार परिवर्तन नहीं होता है Non-finite verbs कहलाती है।

Example


1-I want to help you.

2-She wanted to watch television.

3-I like to sit here.


Kinds of Non- Finite Verbs-.

Non-finite verbs are divided into three kinds

A.Infinitives 

B.participles

 C. Gerund


INFINITIVE-(क्रिया का साधारण रूप)

. It acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb, and it is actually made up of two words: to + verb. These two words act together as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

Infinitive को सामान्यतः to+ verb के रूप में जाना एवं पहचाना जाता है। तथा हिंदी उच्चारण करने पर क्रिया के अंत में "ना "आता है 


As 1-To see is to believe.  देखना ही विश्वास करना है।

2-I am to go. मुझे जाना है।

3-He is about to go. वह जाने वाला है।



Use of simple Infinitive

1-As a subject. (करता या सब्जेक्ट के रूप में)

a)To err is human

b)To find fault is very easy.

c)To live peacefully is not easy


उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में underline infinitive subject के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया गया है।


2-As object of a verb (क्रिया के ऑब्जेक्ट के रूप में)

a)I love to play

b)I want to sit

c)She wants to write


उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में to sit,to play,to write  क्रिया के केobject के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया गया हैl


3-As object of a preposition

( preposition के Object के रूप में।)


a)The bus is about to start

b)I have no choice but to go.

c)The match has yet to finish


उपर्युक्त उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में to start,to go, to finish, (about, but,yet) के बाद Object of preposition के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया हैl 


4-As a complement of a verb (क्रिया के पूरक के रूप में)

a)He only wishes to be an IAS officer.

b)Her dream is to purchase the whole city.

c)His ambition is to build a temple.


उपरोक्त वाक्यों में to be, to purchase,to build, का प्रयोग verbs के complement  पूरक के रूप में किया गया है।


5-As an Object of Complement (object के पूरक के रूप में।

a)I saw her go.

b)I shall have you realise your mistake

c)I bade him go.

d)Let her sing


कभी-कभी to के बिना भी infinitive बनाया जाता है इसे Bare infinitive कहा जाता है।

Eg..I saw him go.

याद रखें Active voice  में  bid,let,make, feel, watch behold,hear,overhear, notice, observe,see,laugh etc.के बाद to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता हैl 


As. 1-I didn't notice him go.

 2-I feel him touch.

3-Let him sit.

4-I bade him go.

5--I observe him play.

6-I made him laugh.


           CL GAUTAM

  (English confluence)


Open this link to get Grammar F/Nf

https://youtu.be/avJrbvFaoOw?si=maDdhGzvgDv4go1n


Antonyms 

https://youtu.be/AVlQ1lzFvOA?si=VgtTqQsqMC3cUaNL


Prefix and suffix 

https://youtu.be/n-TtaiMDvko?si=66OQXkRC14tinNNZ


Pronoun 

https://youtu.be/NbpD284BzcQ?si=WlonkoE_IsTWfEKu


Sentences 

https://youtu.be/XZIgHaPLfE0?si=qpsx-wjL6FgH4Am5



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