DETERMINER,ITS TYPE DEFINITION FOR TESTS AND EXAMS, WITH FULL EXAMPLE

Determiner (निर्धारक)

     

Determiner is a word, that comes before noun to determine noun or to tell something about the noun.

Determiner is called determinative.

Determiner वह शब्द होता है जो  nounसे पहले आकर ,उसे फिक्स कर देता है या फिर उनके बारे में कुछ बताता है इसे डिटरमिनेटिव भी कहते हैं।

For eg. My book, some tea,a table,

This house, many students, little water, much work

Note -A very easy way to find out determiner is to Question from whose, how many/ how much

Types of Determiner

1- Article- a,an, the

2- Demonstrative- this that,these, those,such (D/p)

3- Possessive- his,her,my, your,our, their, it's(D/P)

4- Quantifier,some,a few,any, little

5- Number- a) Cardinal number 1,2,3,4,5,

b)- ordinals- 1st, 2nd,10th,20th

6- Distributive-(D/P) each/ every/ either/Neither

7- Interrogative-(D/P) What/ whose/ which/ where.

1- Article- 

Before singular noun a,an, is used

a)--- boy.      b) ---elephant                 c)--- European   d)--Umbrella.           e)---useful dog.  f)--Owl

g)--- one

Ans. (a) a (b) an (c)a (d) an (e) a ( f) an

(g) a

   If A,E,I,O,U, sounds as vowel in hindi as (अ,इ,उ,ऐ,ओ), use(an)before

If sounds as consonant as (व,य),use (a) before

ie

a). --Owl-आउल - an

 b)   -- One- वन.    a

a)--Elephant- एलिफैंट---an

b)---European- यूरोपियन--a

a)---umbrella-अंब्रेला- an

b)--_ useful-यूज़फुल- a

Before (h)silent consonant

An hour,an heir,an honest,an honourable, an historical, an hotel,

an M.L.A,.an L.L.B.,anS.D.O

 

Use of (The) Sometimes (The)sounds  as (द ) and sometimes (The) sounds as. ( दि) 

a)--द --The boy

b)--दि--The elephant

c)--द--The cow

d)--दि--The owl

The-

(The) is used before any particular noun.as River,hill,place,

1-The garden I saw is very beautiful.

2-The boy you see is my brother.

3-The Himalayas, 

4-The Ganga, The Yamuna,The Red Sea,The Mount Everest, The Taj Mahal,

Before religious Books  

as,The Ramayana ,The Gita, The Bible, The Mahabharata , The Kuran,

Before proper Noun having Adjective before

The great Ashoka, the great Shakespeare

Before Newspaper

The Hindustan Times, The Times of India,

Before eminent 

The sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the stars,

Before Superlative Degree

1-He is the best student.

2-M.K. Gandhi was the greatest leader.

Comparative degree being separated

The sooner, the better, the later

Before proper Noun used as common nouns

कालिदास भारत के शेक्सपियर  हैं।

Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India

कश्मीर भारत का स्विट्जरलैंड है।

Kashmir is the Switzerland of India.

Before country indicating people

The Indian , the French, the English,

the Greek,

Before incident

The French revolution, the second world war.

2- Demonstrative- (संकेत)

1. This is your pen

b) That is moon.

c) These are my books.

d)Those are stars.

e) Such boys are very mischievous.

Note: * This is used for singular noun,which is nearby

*That is also used for singular for distance

*(These)is used for plural nearby

*(Those) is used for plural for distance

3- Possessive- (मालिकाना/ अधिकार सूचक)

Possessive determiners are also called possessive Adjective

1. My brother is a lawyer.

2. Her father is a teacher.

3. Your parents are very nice.

4. Their books are lying in library.

Possessive pronouns- mine,hers,yours,ours, theirs

a)This car is mine.

b)These books are theirs.

c)This pen is yours.

4- Quantifire- These are used to modify nouns

a few, little, some,many,much,a lot of, enough, several.

 Use Of Little (uncountable)

*Little- hardly any,means no, ( कुछ नहीं/ना के बराबर)

वह पिताजी के बिजनेस में कोई इंटरेस्ट नहीं लेता है।

1. He takes little interest in parental business

हमें उसे ठीक होने की बहुत कम ही उम्मीद है।

2. We have little hope of recovery

वह कंप्यूटर में ना के बराबर ज्ञान रखता है।

3. He has little knowledge of computer

A little-not much but some(कुछ थोड़ा सा)

हमें उसे बचने की उम्मीद बहुत थोड़ी सी दिखती है।

a)We have a little hope of his recovery.

कुछ थोड़ा सा  ज्ञान खतरनाक होता है।

1. A little knowledge is very dangerous.

वह पढ़ाई में बहुत कम ध्यान देता है।

2. It takes a little interest in study.

The little- not much but all there is. (जो सब कुछ थोड़ा सा)

उसके पास जो थोड़ा सा पैसा था दवा में खर्च हो गया।

a)The little money she had was also spent on medicines.

b)तुम्हारे पास जो थोड़ा  समय है ठीक से इस्तेमाल करो।

a)Use the little time you have in a proper way now.

Use of Few

Few- means (hardly any) (ना के बराबर)

बहुत कम लोग ही पूरी तरह खुश हैं।

a)Few  people are fully happy.

बहुत कम लोग ही रोगमुक्त हैं।

b)Few men are free from any disease

बहुत कम ही औरतें हैं जो रहस्य को छुपा सकती हैं

c) few women can keep secret.

A few- means (not many) (थोड़े से पर्याप्त नहीं)

थोड़े स्टूडेंट इंग्लिश ठीक लिख सकते हैं।

a)a few student can write correct English

कुछ ही महीने पहले उसकी मौत हो गई।

b)He died only a few month ago.

उसने मुझसे बहुत थोड़े क्वेश्चन पूछे।

c)He asked me a few questions

The Few- means not many but all there are (जो भी थोड़ा सा सब)

उसके पास जो भी थोड़े से बर्तन थे चोर उठा ले गए।

a) The few utensils she had taken by the thief.

उसके पास जो भी थोड़े से कपड़े थे सभी जल गए।

b)The few clothes he had all burnt in fire.

उसके पास जो भी थोड़ी सी किताबे थी चोर चुरा ले गए।

c)The few books he had were taken by the thief.

Use Of Much/ many

Much- Quantity(परिमाण)

Many- number (संख्या)

Specially used is negative and Interrogative

1-I have not much patience.

2-Have you much money?

3-He has not many cars.

 4-Have you many friends?

 5-I haven't many chairs .

6-She has not much money.

7-Have you much money?

Use Of Some/ Any

Some is used in affirmative with countable/ uncountable both

In interrogative (some)is used as request.

1-I shall buy some books

2-They have purchased some fruits . 3-Will you give me some milk?

4-Can you lend me some rupees?

Use Of Any

(Any) is used for countable/ uncountable nouns both in Negative and Interrogative.

1-I do not have any pen.

2-He has not purchased any fruits.

3-They do not have any chairs. 

4-Have you any novels?

 5-Did anyone come here?

Note . No any is no phrase, Don't use no any.

Distributive- Each/ Every- प्रत्येक

Each- two and more than two

Every- more than two

 Either-(दोनों में से एक या फिर दोनों)

Neither (ना तो यह)

always take singular verb.

Elder/ Eldest- (एक ही परिवार के सदस्य के लिए किया जाता है)

Older/ Oldest- (इसका प्रयोग व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के लिए किया जाता है)

1-Ram is my elder brother.

 2-RAM is older than Shyam .

3-This is the oldest college in our city 4-The oldest people should be respected.

 5-My mother is the eldest member of our family.

           English Confluence

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