PGT Grades, Phonatory System Of Human Body , Accent, Diphthong, Syllable, Alphonse,

Phonatory System 

Q1- What is accent?

Ans.1-A particular way of pronouncing words that is connected with the country, area or social class that you come from

शब्‍दों के उच्‍चारण का लहजा विशेष जो बोलने वाले के देश, निवासक्षेत्र या सामाजिक स्‍तर को दर्शाता है; स्‍वराघात

2-the greater force that you give to a particular word or part of a word when you speak

British accent has been rated as the most attractive English accent in the world

बोलते समय शब्‍द विशेष या उस के किसी अंश पर दिया गया कुछ अधिक बल; ध्वनिबल

1-He speaks with a strong Bengali accent.

Q2-What is Phonatory system?

Ans.Phonatory System, also known as the larynx or “voice box”, where sound is produced includes: larynx and, specifically, the vocal folds or called “vocal cords”). Resonatory System, also known as the “vocal tract”, includes: throat, nasal passages, sinuses, and mouth.

In humans, there are four main body systems involved in the production of speech. The respiratory system, laryngeal system, and articulatory systems are responsible for the physical manifestations of speech, and the nervous system regulates these systems.

Q3- What is syllable?

Ans.A syllable is a single, unbroken sound of a spoken (or written) word. Syllables usually contain a vowel and accompanying consonants. Sometimes syllables are referred to as the 'beats' of spoken language. ... The number of times you hear a vowel (a, e, i , o, u) in a word is equal to the number of syllables a word has.

Q4-What is grammar?

Ans.Grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language,  Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*.

grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly and more efficiently

Q5- What are the allophones of English language?

Ans. Allophones are a kind of phoneme that changes its sound based on how a word is spelled. Think of the letter t and what kind of sound it makes in the word "tar" compared with "stuff." It's pronounced with a more forceful, clipped sound in the first example than it is in the second.

Q6-What is a word formation?

Ans.In compounding word formation process two separate words are joined together to produce a new form. In compounding process two or more independent words are brought together which forms a new word and turns into a new meaning.

Prefixes

Prefix A prefix is something that we can put at the beginning of a word to change the 

meaning.

Here are some prefixes 

anti- (= against) anti-nuclear 

auto- (= self) an autobiography, auto-suggestion

co- (= together) co-exist, a co-production, my co-driver

ex- (= previously) his ex-wife,

 an ex-footballer

inter- (= between) an inter-city train, an international phone call

mini- (= small) a minibus, 

a minicab

mis- (= badly/wrongly) 

misuse, misbehave, miscount, a misprint

mono- (= one) a monorail, monolingual, speak in a monotone

multi- (= many) a multinational company, a multi-storey car park

out- (= more/better) outnumber the opposition, outplayed their 

opponents

over- (= too much) overweight, an overgrown garden, ill from overwork

post- (= after) the post-war years, a post-dated cheque

pre- (= before) the pre-war years, preheat an oven

pro- (= in favour of) pro-government forces, pro-European policies

re- (= again) re-write a letter, remarry, the resale value of the car

semi- (= half) semi-precious stones, reach the semi-final

sub- (= under/less) the subway, subnormal intelligence, sub-zero 

temperatures

super- (= big/more) a superstar, a superhuman effort, a supersonic

Suffixes

A Introduction

A suffix comes at the end of a word. For example, we can add the suffix –ness

to the adjective kind to form the noun kindness

bstract nouns

Here are some ways that we can add a suffix to a verb or adjective to form a 

noun – usually an abstract noun.

Verb ➔ noun ending in -ion correct ➔ correction, 

discuss ➔ discussion

produce ➔ production,

describe ➔ description

inform ➔ information,

invite ➔ invitation

add ➔ addition,

repeat ➔ repetition

decide ➔ decision,

permit ➔ permission

Verb + -ment development, government, 

movement, payment

Verb + -ance/-ence acceptance, performance; 

existence, preference

Verb + -ing a building, my feelings

Adjective + -ness blindness, forgetfulness, illness, 

sadness

Adjective in –ant/–ent distant ➔ distance,

➔ noun in –ance/-ence important ➔ importance

absent ➔ absence, 

silent ➔ silence, 

violent ➔ violence

Adjective + -ty/-ity certainty, royalty; nationality,

stupidity

Q8- What is inotation?

Ans.Intonation is the way the pitch of your voice goes up and down as you talk or reciting something by singing it. Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. 

The three main patterns of intonation in English are: 

falling intonation,

 rising intonation and fall-rise intonation.

Q9 What is Diphthong?

Ans. Diphthong means “having two sounds.” More specifically, diphthongs deal with vowels. ... One of the best diphthong examples is the word “oil.” Here, we have two vowels working side by side and, together, they create a sound different than anything “O” or “I” alone can diphthong is having double sounds or double tone.

There are eight diphthongs commonlyused in English. They are: /eɪ/, /aɪ/,/əʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɔɪ/, /ɪə/, /eə/, and /ʊə/.

4.Diphthongs are transcribed with two symbols, as in English high [haɪ] or cow [kaʊ], in which ⟨aɪ⟩ and ⟨aʊ⟩ represent diphthongs.

   Diphthong.    Brit.   Aus.

low //oʊ// [əʊ̯] [əʉ̯]

loud //aʊ// [aʊ̯] [æɔ̯] [aʊ̯~æʊ̯] [aʊ̯~æʊ̯][t2 2]

lout [ʌʊ̯]    [t2 3]

lied //aɪ// [aɪ̯] [ɑɪ̯]

light [ʌɪ̯][t2 3]

lay //eɪ// [eɪ̯] [æɪ̯] [eɪ̯][t2 1]

loin //ɔɪ// [ɔɪ̯] [oɪ̯] [ɔɪ̯]

loon /uː/ [ʊu̯] [ʉː] [ʉu̯]

lean /iː/[t2 5] [ɪi̯] [ɪi̯] [i]

leer //ɪər// [ɪə̯] [ɪə̯][t2 6] [ɪɹ]

lair //ɛər// [ɛə̯][t2 7] [eː] [ɛɹ]

lure //ʊər// [ʊə̯][t2 7] [ʊə̯]