11th Eng Core All Chapters Annotations vocabulary , CBSE Based
Word meaning of Chapter 1 The Portrait of a Lady
A veritable bedlam of chirrupings – refers to the noise and confusion caused by the chirrupings of the sparrows
Absurd – Illogical
Accepted her seclusion with resignation- the grandmother accepted a lonely life as she accepted the separation from her grandson without objection
An expanse of pure white serenity – refers to the calm, relaxed and peaceful character of the author’s grandmother
Beads – a small piece of glass or stone threaded with others to make a rosary or necklace
Bedlam – confusion
Blaze – a very large burning fire
Bothered- to be concerned
Cherished – hold something dear
Chirrupings – the noise of a small bird
Clasped – hold tightly
Contentment – a state of happiness and satisfaction
Corpse- dead body
Courtyard- verandah
Cremated – dispose of or burn a body after it is dead
Criss- cross – a pattern of intersecting straight lines
Crude – in a natural state, roughly made
Customary – traditional
Dilapidated – in a state of despair or ruin
Distressed – suffer from extremely sorrow, anxiety or pain
Earthen- made of baked or fired clay
Fables- fictitious stories with a moral teaching
Fetch – go for and then bring back something for someone
Frivolous – not having any serious purpose, light-hearted
Frivolous rebukes – light hearted scoldings
Gentlefolk – People of noble birth
Growling – making a low guttural sound in the throat
Harlots – Prostitutes
Hobbled – walked in an awkward way
Imprint – impression or stamp
Inaudible- unable to be heard
Lewd Association – Indecent or Obscene
Locks- hair
Mantelpiece- a structure of wood, marble, or stone above and around a fireplace.
Moist- wet
Monotonous – dull and boring
Omitted – leave out or exclude something
Overstraining- overdoing something
Pallor – an unhealthy pale appearance
Perched – alight or rest on something
Persuade – to talk someone into doing something, request
Plastered- covered with a layer of plaster
Portrait- painting or picture
Prophets- saints
Protested – express an objection against something or someone
Puckered – a face contract into wrinkles
Rebuke – disapproval of something or someone
Revolting – unpleasant
Rosary- a string of beads for keeping count of number of chants made of a religious prayer
Sagging – sinking downwards
Scattered – disorganized
Scriptures – the sacred writings of a religion
Seclusion – the state of being private and away from the people
Sentimental – a feeling of nostaglia, sadness or tenderness; an emotional feeling
Serenity – the state of being peaceful and calm
Shooed – make a person or animal go away by shouting or saying ‘shoo’
Shroud – a piece of cloth used to wrap a dead person
Slate- a flat plate of slate formerly used for writing on in schools
Snapped- break suddenly and completely
Spinning-wheel – a household machine with a wheel attached to it for spinning yarn
spotless white – she wore clean, white coloured dresses
Stale- no longer fresh and pleasant to eat; hard, musty, or dry.
Stoop – bend one’s body forward
The sagging skins of the dilapidated drum- The loose surface of the worn out drum
The thought was almost revolting- it was very hard for the author to believe
Thumped- hit
Undignified- disrespectful
Untidily – not neat
Veritable – use to describe something which is very interesting or unusual
Wrinkled- having lines or folds
Years rolled by- time passed
Chapter 2 We’re Not Afraid to Die… If We Can All Be Together Word Meaning
Abated – something unpleasant to become less intense
Aft – near the stern of the ship
Anchored – moor a ship to the sea bottom
Ashore – on the shore of the land
Atrocious – bad; of a very poor quality
Auxiliary engine – small secondary engine used to board ships to operate a windlass in the ship
Bashed – strike hard; hit
Bleak – an area of land lacking vegetation
Boom – pole that controls the angle and shape of the sail
Bulged – swell
Bunk – bed
Canvas – a strong unbleached cloth
Capsizing – be overturned in the water
Caricatures – picture of a person; cartoon
Crest – reach the top of a wave
Debris – rubbish
Deck – a floor of a ship
Deflected: turned aside
Deteriorate – get worse
Dinghies – a small boat for recreation with mast or sail
Donned – put on, wore
Dozed off – went off to sleep
Enormous – a very large size
Forestay – a rope to support ship’s foremast
Frightful – very unpleasant or shocking
Gales – A very strong wind
Gigantic – huge; of a big size
Hatch – door
Heave to – to raise or lift with effort
Honing – sharpen, improving
Honing our seafaring skills – improving the skills required to travel by sea
Hull – the framework of the vessel
Hurled – throw with a great force
Impending – about to happen
Jib – a triangular staysail set forward the mast in a ship
Keel – steel structure along the base of the ship
Knots – a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, used especially of ships, aircraft, or winds
Lashed – to hit with a lot of force
Leisure – free time
Loop – a shape produced that bends round and crosses; bent
Mast – a tall upright structure on a boat or ship
Mayday calls –words used to signal ships stuck in a disastrous situation through radio
Mooring – the ropes, chains, or anchors by or to which a boat, ship, or buoy is moored
Offshore – situated at the sea some distance from the shore
Oilskins – heavy cotton cloth waterproofed with oil
Ominous silence – unpleasant or threatening silence
Optimistic – hopeful and confident
Paraffin – colorless flammable oil liquid
Pinpricks – a prick caused by a pin
Pinpricks in the vast ocean – the two small islands in the vast ocean were very tiny like the prick caused by a pin
Respite – a short period of rest
Rigging – the ropes and wires supporting the structure of the ship
Scrambled – climb; claw one’s way
Seafaring – regularly traveling by sea
Sextant – an instrument with graduated arc of 60 degrees for taking altitudes and navigation
Shook – past tense of shake (vibrate)
Sloshed – move through liquid with a splashing sound.
Smashed – badly broken
Smashed – shattered or violently broken
Starboard – side of a ship which is on the right side when one is facing forward
Stark – sharply defined
Stern – the back part of a ship or a boat
Taut – stretched or pulled tightly
Timbers – wood board used in building of a ship
Torrent – a fast moving stream of water
Tousled head – disarranged hair of the narrator’s son, Jonathan
Tremendous – very great in amount
Voyage – a long journey by sea or space
Wooden-hulled – a watertight body of a ship
Wrenched – pull suddenly, removed
Chapter 3 Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Word meaning
Adorned – decorated
Adornments – ornaments
Afterlife- life after death, based on the belief that the essential part of an individual’s identity continues to the next life after the death of the physical body
Aftermath – after-effects of an unpleasant event
Amulet – an ornament or small piece of jewellery thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease.
Anatomy – the branch of science which deals with the bodily structure of humans, animals or other living beings
Antiquity – age, oldness
Apron – a protective garment worn over the front of one’s clothes and tied at the back.
Astonishing – amazing
Blazing – very hot
Budged – moved or shifted; a slight movement
Burial – burying the dead
Casket- a small ornamental box or chest for holding jewels, letters, or other valued objects.
Casket grey – It means that the grey clouds were like a grey coloured casket which contained the stars. The stars are like jewels which are kept in a casket.
Cemetery- a large burial ground
Chiselled away – to cut something with a chisel
Circumvented – find a way around; thieves would have found a way to tackle the guards and remove the gold from the tomb
Computed Tomography – Also called a CT scan, it is a three-dimensional scan of a body with the help of hundreds of X-Rays in cross-section together
Concealed- hid
Cramped – very small to fit into
Dark-bellied – dark in colour
Death rattle – the gurgling sound produced in the throat of a person who is about to die
Demise – death
Descended – moved or gathered
Eerie detail – strange image of Tut’s head as visible with the help of CT scan
Forensic Reconstruction – the process of recreating the face of an individual
Forensics – the application of the scientific method to investigate a crime
Funerary Treasures – the valuable things with which the king was buried
Futile – pointless; incapable of producing the result of something
Garlands of willow – a wreath of flowers and leaves
Gazed – to look in surprise or in admiration
Ghostly – eerie and unnatural; unreal
Gilded – covered with a thin sheet or coating of gold
Glided – quite, continuous motion
Hastily – fast; swiftly
Heir – Inheritor, successor
Hydraulic lift – a lift that uses a machine to lift or move heavy objects with a pressure
Iconic – something or someone who is a symbol or it represents some other thing
Inlaid – a decorative pattern on a surface
Intervening – occur in the time between events
Intriguing – to arouse one’s curiosity
Laden – loaded
Legitimate – reasonable
Lingering – long-lasting
Mummy- a body of a human being or animal that has been ceremonially preserved by removal of the internal organs, treatment with natron and resin, and wrapping in bandages.
Murals – a painting or other artwork executed directly on the wall
Pallbearers – a person who helps to escort a coffin at a funeral
Pharaoh- a ruler in ancient Egypt
Pixels – a pixel is a single point in a graphic image
Pondering – think about something carefully
Probe – to investigate, find out
Ransacked – raid; go through a place to steal or damage something
Resins – a sticky flammable substance that is insoluble in water
Resting place- here, the grave
Resurrection – restoration to life
Ritual – here, the resins used in the ceremony of mummification
Rock-cut – made in a rock by cutting it
Scudded across – moving quickly; it refers to the movement of the dark-bellied clouds
Sheaths – a close-fitting cover
Shrine – holy place
Shroud – a length of cloth in which a dead person is wrapped
Speculated- form a theory without evidence
Sprinted – ran at a high speed
Spun – to turn around
Startling – unexpected or surprising
Stirred – move or cause to move slightly
Striking- prominent
Swirling – to spin or twist
Three nested coffin- three coffins placed one in another in order of decreasing size. The innermost coffin houses the body of the deceased.
Tomb- an enclosure to bury the dead
Veiling – to cover something
Vertebrae – series of small bones which form a backbone
Wacky –amusing in a slightly odd way
Whisper- to speak in a low voice
Word meaning of Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul
Anecdote – a short interesting story of a real person
Antwerp – a city of northern Belgium
Apprentice – trainee; learner
Astonished – greatly surprised or impressed
Conceptual Space – relation with an abstract representation
Conduit – channel; tube
Daoism – a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-Tzu
Delicate Realism – the quality of art that makes it seem real
Disciple – a follower or a pupil of a leader, teacher
Dwells – live; stay
Figurative painting – metaphoric representation of an art
Flanders – a medieval country in Western Europe
Illusionistic Likeness – an illusion created which resembles something
Leisurely – unhurried or relaxed
Lofty – tall or high
Oppressed – burdened; worried
Splendid – very impressive; superb
Swat – hit or crush something
Void – empty; vacant
Word meaning of Chapter 5 The Ailing Planet: The Green Movement’s Role
Ailing – in poor health
Anguish – pain; suffering
Barren wastelands – barely inhabitable piece of land
Beget – give life to
Casteism – discrimination on the grounds of caste
Catalogued – classify; characterise
Catastrophic Depletion – a harmful reduction in a number of something
Coercion – force
Condemns – find guilty of something
Dawned – begin
Decimated – to reduce in number
Decisively – clear and definitive
Demise – death
Deprives – prevent a person from using something
Deteriorate – become progressively worse; decline
Distorting – deform; disfigure
Endeavour – trying hard to achieve something
Ethical Obligation – when someone is required to do something based on a righteous standard of rules
Felicitous – well-chosen
Freehold – permanent tenure of land or property
Green Movement – It is a movement which stresses people to follow environmentally friendly practices.
Gripped – clutch; hold
Holistic and Ecological View – It means a view for the preservation of the environment. It also refers to the understanding of importance of earth’s resources for the use of future generations
Hutments – collection of huts
Ignominious darkness – disgraced as no one has knowledge about them
Impaired – weakened or damaged
Impoverished – made poor
Inter Alia – among other things
Irrevocably – in a way that cannot be changed or reversed
Languish – lose or lack of vitality of a person or plant or animal; grow weak
Metabolic needs – needs of a living organism that enables them to have a chemical process that causes food to be used for growth and energy
Patrimony – property inherited from father or ancestor
Perpetuation – keep going
Precede – come before in order or position
Procure – obtain with care or effort
Reckon – calculate
Revolutionary – evolving a complete change
Scorched – burn the surface with heat of fire
Sterilised – make free from bacteria or other micro organisms
Stewards – manage or to look after
Sustainable Development – economic development without depletion of natural resources
Synthetics – artificial substance
Tenancy – possession of the land
Transcending Concern – a concern that existed for a very long time and has passed down from one generation to another
Ushered – guide someone somewhere
Voluntary – done or given of one’s free will
Chapter 6 The Browning Version Word meaning
Aeschylus – he was an ancient Greek tragedian who is referred to as ‘Father of Tragedy’
Agamemnon – he was the king of Mycenae in Greek mythology
Chap – a man who you know and like
Criterion – a standard by which something is judged
Cut – stop doing something undesirable
Envy – Jealousy
Exaggerating – represent something as being worse than it really is
Excerpt – a short extract from writing, movie or music
Frantically – desperately
Got carried away – to become overly excited or to take things too far
Imitating – copying
Indeed – Truly
Infinitely – to a great extent
Kept in – to make someone stay in a place, especially in school as a punishment
Latter – denoting the second-mentioned person of the two people
Muck – useless; which is of no good or use
Pardon – the action of being forgiven for error or offense; forgiveness
Remove – a division in British schools
Sadist – a person who derives pleasure by giving pain or humiliation to others
Shrivelled up – having no feelings
Slackers – lazy students who are not motivated
Strung together – to combine two different things into something useful
Chapter 7 The Adventure difficult word meaning
Amok – to behave uncontrollably
Armour – shell
Assertion – a confident statement of a fact
Astute – smartness; quick-witted
Avidly – with great interest
Bifurcation – division
Blow – by – blow account – a detailed account
Catastrophe theory – it is a branch of mathematics concerned with systems displaying discontinuous changes
Converged – met
De facto – existing in fact with or without any lawful authority
Determinism – a doctrine that all the events are caused by the external will
Dismay – shock
Disparity – difference
Doctored accounts – manipulated accounts related to history
Dumbfounded – amazed
Emerged – developed; begin
Expansionist – a follower of the policy of territorial or economic expansion
Figurehead – a carving; image
Flourishing – to grow successfully
Frugal – less costly and simple
Gave vent to – to express one’s feelings
Grave – serious
Hostile – unfriendly
Ignoramus – an ignorant person
Impetus – the force with which body moves
Imposing – Impressive
Inadvertently – unintentionally
Manifestation – the action of showing something; demonstration
Marshall – to gather something
Melee – a confused fight
Morale booster – anything which boosts self- confidence
Outpost – a small military camp used as a guard
Permits – authorize to do something
Political acumen – political smartness
Precise – error-free; correct
Precise – exact; accurate
Proclaimed – to announce something officially
Quantum theory – a theory of matter and energy based on quantum mechanics.
Relegated to – assigned to a lower rank
Riddle – mystery or puzzle
Roared – to move at a high speed while making a loud noise
Rout – a defeat
Sacrilege – disrespect
Seldom – not often
Shoved – to push someone roughly
Smugly – to show excess satisfaction
Speculating – wondering
Startling – surprising
Stroll – to wander
Suburban – residential area
Supremacy – the condition of being superior to others
Swarmed – move somewhere in a large number
Throng – a large pack of crowd
Townships – Towns or villages
Trajectory – the path followed by a projectile flying
Triumphant – Successful
Triumphantly – to win a battle
Valiantly – bravely
Valour – great courage in battle
Ventured – to say something that might be considered as an apology
Viable – practical
Chapter 8 Silk Road meaning of difficult words
Accumulated – gathered
Arid – having little or no rain
Ascent – climb on an upward slope
Billowed – filled with air; swelled out
Bounding – jump; hop; bounce
Brackish – slightly salty water
Brook – a small stream
Cairn of rocks – the pile of stone on the top of the mountain, especially where someone is buried.
Careered down – sinking the slope
Cavernous – vast
Clambered – move or climb in an awkward way
Clung – hold tightly onto something
Confinement – detention; captivity
Cosmology – science about the origin and development of the universe
Daubed – spread a thick sticky substance on a surface carelessly
Derelict – ruined
Devout – deep
Drokba – Shepherd
Ducking Back – going inside and then coming out
En masse – in a group
Encrusted – decorated with a hard surface layer
Envisaged – predicted
Evasive – slippery
Ferocious – cruel or violent
Festooned – decorated
Filthy – dirty
Flanks – sides
Fling – throw
Flocks – a group of birds
Forge – put together; build-up
Frown – to disapprove of something
Galloping – progressing in an uncontrollable manner
Gasping – breathlessness
Gazelles – an African or Asian mammal with large eyes that moves quickly and hoofs
Glinting – sparkle or twinkle
Grim – ugly or grey
Heaps – loads
Herd – a large group of animal
Incongruous – strange
Kora – meditation performed by Buddhist believers
Laden – loaded
Lichen – a slow-growing plant which grows on walls, trees or rocks
Loaves – bread shaped and baked in one piece which is usually sliced before being eaten
Lurching – listing
Manoeuvres – military exercises
Mastiffs – a dog who is a strong breed with dropping ears saggy ears
Meanders – to follow a winding course of a river or road
Nibbling – take a small bite from
Nocturnal – night time
Paraphernalia – miscellaneous articles
Pastures – land covered with grass
Pellets – shots
Petered out – to diminish gradually and stop
Plumes – Trails
Pockmarked – disfigured with a scar
Pondering – thinking
Propping – to hold up
Prostrating – lying down
Rag – scrap cloth
Rickety – unstable
Rudimentary – basic or primary
Salt flats – thatched roof covered with snow
Sanctity – pure
Shaggy – bushy or hairy
Size me up – to look at someone attentively
Slither – to move smoothly over a surface
Solitary – private
Solitary – private
Stark – plain
Stout – firm
Swathe – a long strip of land
Swerve – change direction suddenly
Throb – pulsate
Tiresome – dull and boring
Transpired – leaked
Veering – to change direction suddenly
Venerated – respected
Vestiges – a trace of something that is disappearing
Well-trodden – much frequented by travellers
Wild ass – an animal who have ears shorter than a horse and smaller in size
Wilderness – wasteland
Wisp – a small amount of something
Wreathed – twisted
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